Scientific Sessions

Tooth Anatomy, Decay and Care

Tooth anatomy is foundational to understanding dental health and the impact of decay. Each tooth is comprised of several distinct layers, each playing a critical role in its function and health. The outermost layer, the enamel, is the hardest substance in the human body and serves as a protective barrier against physical and chemical damage. Beneath the enamel lies the dentin, a porous and softer tissue that supports the enamel and transmits sensory stimuli. The innermost layer, the pulp, contains nerves and blood vessels essential for tooth vitality and sensitivity. Understanding this anatomy is crucial for diagnosing and treating dental issues effectively. 

Dental decay, also known as caries, is a common condition that results from the demineralization of tooth enamel by acids produced from bacterial metabolism of sugars. This process begins with the formation of dental plaque, a sticky biofilm that adheres to the tooth surface. As plaque accumulates and is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, further exacerbating decay. Early decay manifests as white spots on the enamel, which, if untreated, can progress to cavitations and affect deeper layers of the tooth. Managing decay involves both preventive and restorative strategies. Preventive measures include maintaining good oral hygiene practices, using fluoride treatments, and reducing the intake of sugary foods and beverages. Restorative treatments may involve dental fillings, crowns, or root canals, depending on the extent of the decay. 

Effective tooth care is integral to preventing decay and maintaining oral health. Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection of problems and for professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily help to remove food particles and plaque from the tooth surfaces and between the teeth, reducing the risk of decay. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports tooth strength and overall oral health. By integrating these practices into daily routines, individuals can significantly mitigate the risk of dental decay and ensure the longevity of their teeth.