Scientific Sessions

Oral microbiology and pathology are integral to comprehending and managing oral health. Oral microbiology focuses on the study of microorganisms within the oral cavity, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. These microbes form complex communities known as biofilms, which play a crucial role in both health and disease. A balanced microbial environment is essential for maintaining oral health, while dysbiosis—a microbial imbalance—can lead to various oral pathologies. The oral cavity is home to a diverse array of microorganisms that interact with each other and with host tissues. This microbial community is dynamic and can be influenced by factors such as diet, oral hygiene practices, and systemic health conditions. For instance, pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans are implicated in dental caries, while Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with periodontal disease. Understanding these microbial interactions and their impact on oral health is critical for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. 

Oral pathology examines the diseases and conditions that affect the oral and maxillofacial regions, focusing on their causes, development, and effects on the oral tissues. Common oral pathologies include dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancers, and mucosal disorders. Pathological conditions often arise from a combination of microbial, genetic, and environmental factors. For example, chronic inflammation caused by periodontal disease can contribute to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. The early detection and accurate diagnosis of oral pathologies are essential for effective management and treatment.